War Poetry Essay Example

War Poetry Essay Example War Poetry Paper War Poetry Paper Essay Topic: George Herbert Poems Poetry Into the stuff of his thought and utterance, whether he be on active service or not, the poet-interpreter of war weaves these intentions, and cooperates with his fellows in building up a little higher and better, from time to time, that edifice of truth for whose completion can be spared no human experience, no human hope. George Herbert Clarke War is rife with suffering, forcing everyone involved to endure the most extreme of conditions. Armed conflict itself unavoidably places all those involved in mortal danger. Some find this to be a honourable test of courage, others as a waste of precious young lives. However, war has an effect on people outside of soldiers who fight. Numerous other, including relatives of soldiers who have fought, young and innocent children who are confused by the loud noises and the need for their precious father to go to arms and all those people whose houses have are destroyed or used as military fortifications. In some way, war has an effect on everyone. Naturally, war raises many questions, what is the purpose of war? Many have pondered why some of the most intelligent world leaders have had to retort to the most basic of reactions. In light of the recent events in America, the purpose of war is even more relevant. Is a knee-jerk reaction always the right and moral thing to do? Many would say no. If it were merely a question of good versus bad, right versus wrong, then war would serve a straightforward moral purpose. However, it is not usually a case of good versus bad, and in reality the cause of many conflicts in difficult to comprehend. Why do many use religion as their reason to go to arms, when the bases of most religions are forgiveness and peace? Everyone understands the physical torment and horrors of war; many hope never to observe sights like that. However, something draws young men to fight. The media plays a great role in attracting young men to fight, many project war to be something to achieve glory in, and some however act as a deterrent to fight. It is the same with this collection of poetry. There are two clear sections: glory and honour or gruesome and horror. Some poems however, lie in between these two margins and others create new sectors of their own. It is important to discuss the contents of each poem so we can understand the poets own thoughts on war. The first poem to be discussed is To Lucasta, Going to the Wars by Richard Lovelace. It is important to understand the poets background to get a good reason why he had this particular view of war. Lovelaces father died at arms and Richard himself served with the French army during the English civil war. However, his Royalist sympathies lost him his fortune and he died in poverty. Many would think that this would cause him to have a bad view of war but obviously not. The poem is comparatively very simple to understand. The speaker loves the women he addresses, Lucasta. However, he also loves the honour that war brings. His lover is chaste and quiet, Of thy chaste breast and quiet mind he believes to be with her is to be in a nunnery. The speaker does not want Lucasta to believe that he is cruel in leaving her, tell me not, sweet, I am unkind, this opening line tells us of his impending announcement which must be something that she, as any common person would, disagrees with. He is deeply attracted to her, but he has a need for something rather more exciting. Indeed, he goes to war and arms. It is obvious that he is greatly competitive and wishes to confront not only the enemy in general but he wants to be the person to confront, The first foe in the field. The use of alliteration captures the urgency with which he feels. This first foe is described as his new mistress. She is described as being the new object of his devotion, which he chases, he is so eager to posses her obsesses him. It is obvious by this point that his new mistress is in fact honour. He believes in battle much more passionately than he believes in the gentleness of Lucasta. He embraces with a stronger faith the sword, horse and shield of war. It is almost as if he is making love to his mistress, quite different to the relationship he has had with his chaste lover. He is forced to explain his lack of fidelity. He believes that once he has achieved his honour he will become a better lover to Lucasta. His virility his whole sense of being as a man- will be improved. In summate he believes that he will be a better lover when he achieves honour: I could not live thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honour more. He may love honour more than Lucasta, but his prowess as a lover will increase in proportion to the amount of honour he wins. It is obvious that Lovelace believes that war is a good source of honour and this is what draws young men to arms. It is also clear to see that he believes war to be glorious and a route to honour, and in such this poem agrees with many others in the collection. The next poem to be discussed portrays war as being the complete opposite of honourable. The main point of After Blenheim is that war affects not just those who fight in them. Ordinary civilian also suffer. Southey uses certain words with an increasing irony throughout the poem. The poem revolves mainly around three voices, on old and the other two are very young. None of them really understands the great and famous. The poem starts in a rather tranquil manner. The imagery of an old man surrounded by his grandchildren, resting on a summers evening after his days work is done is a very peaceful thought. So far, the poet has introduced us to a peaceful poem and it is obvious that the mood is not going to change. The childrens innocent play is interrupted when Peterkin discovers an object which apparent to be a dead soldiers skull. Old Kaspar says he often discovers the skulls of men who fought at Blenheim: And often when I go to plough The ploughshare turns then out. For many thousand men, said he Were slain in that great victory. Naturally, the children ask what was the purpose of the fighting however Kaspar is unable to provide a valid answer. The little he does know is that the battle was between the British and the French. He also adds the important fact that many civilians suffered also: With fire and sword the country round Was wasted far and wide, And many a childing mother then, And newborn baby died Kaspar also mentions that his father lost his house and was forced to become a refugee. The destruction and slaughter were widespread and indiscriminate. Nursing mothers died with their young, innocent babies. Numerous dead corpses were left to rot on the battlefield. The most important part of the poem is how Southey uses the words great and famous to continuously change meaning. The words are used with increasing irony. Great means large so we assume that a great victory implies that it had remarkable importance and that it had considerable moral validity. Similar to this is the word famous which basically means know to many people, but again used in this context one must assume that it means admirable or well known for its positive contribution to civilisation. It is obvious that Southey has purposely stripped the words of their positive meanings, the words great and famous contradicting with the overwhelming impression of a battle which resulted in much unnecessary suffering, huge losses of human life, and wanton destruction of property. The poet introduces even more irony in the tenth stanza where he has little Willhelmine stating what the reader has been thinking for much of the poem: Why, twas a very wicked thing! The irony introduced by Southey here shows us that a little child can be very good in observing the truth of the matter; it is clear to little Willhelmine that this was not a great victory at all, however, wisdom of Kaspars old mind finds it impossible to summon such thought. It is made clear by the further irony used in the last paragraph what Southeys views on war are. He states ironically that the duke of Marlboroughs received great praise (amongst other large rewards) however, it is still unclear to Peterkin why so much carnage had to be caused, and surely there was a purpose to all this suffering. In the penultimate sentence Kaspar confirms everybodys thoughts and admits that he does not even know the purpose of the war, however he knows that it was a great victory. It is obvious by the language and irony used by Southey that After Blenheim strongly contrasts with those which link war with honour and glory. Therefore, in our groups in the collection this makes up the second major group, where war is thought of as a purposeless and evil thing; just a waste of young lives. The Charge of the Light Brigade vastly contradicts Southeys view of war however, it also agrees with it on some levels. On first reading the poem the reader instantly notices the rhythm, this helps us somewhat to imagine the pace and urgency of the riders. The French general Pierre Bosquet famously said of this event: Cest magnifique, mais ce nest pas la guerre. By this he meant it is magnificent, but it is not war. this sentiment is very much expressed by Tennyson. The main point of the poem is the celebration of the soldiers unquestioning obedience to orders, despite the fact that it was obvious to everyone involved that failure was inevitable. The command, Forward, the Light Brigade! is followed by the comment, Was there a man dismayed? the answer to this obviously being no. Tennyson goes on to add with some irony about the role of a soldier: Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do and die. Tennyson comments on how soldiers a merely pawns at the command of their generals whim. He also comments on the widespread knowledge that few of them would survive. The poem continues with the rhythms and images of the poem captured by the sound of the horses hooves thundering into the Valley of Death. The words that Tennyson uses for this line refer to the bible, Psalm 23 in particular. This is important as the religious link obviously refers to the great sacrifice made by Jesus. The next stanza is full of cinematic imagery: Cannon to right o them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them, Volleyed and thundered; We vividly see the men, the horses, the artillery, the smoke and the deaths of so many innocent men and horses. The shouting of orders in the first two stanzas increases the whole drama of the situation. The above quote gives us the impression of a caged animal, unable to escape. Repetition of certain words also plays a large part too, in particular the number 600, reminding us of just how many lives were out in jeopardy by the incompetence of those in command. The heroism of the men is highlighted once again: Stormed at with shot and shell, Boldly the rode and well, Despite the fact that they are being shot at, they continue to fight on. This sort of heroism contrast greatly with the foolery of the commanders. The poem highlights the incompetence of those in command, Some one had blundered; Tennyson emphasises the breath taking failure of judgement on part of the commanders by using a word of such strength. In line thirty-one, All the world wondered shows the shock of the nation on how not only such mistake may have been made but also the unconditional obedience of the men. Tennyson continues to highlight the fortitude that the Light Brigade fought with: Plunged in the battery-smoke Right through the line they broke; Cossack and Russian reeled from the sabre-stroke Even though the Light Brigade had inferior equipment and inferior number of troops the courage led them to break through the Russian line. In the fifth stanza Tennyson begins by repeating the well known phrase, however this time with Cannon behind them showing us that the Light Brigade are now fleeing the Valley, however Tennyson somehow manages to convey a sense of courage in this act. The last stanza shows that the glory achieved by the Light Brigade will never be forgotten, When can their glory fade? The last three lines really show Tennysons feelings, Honour the charge they made! Honour the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred! He commands us to remember and honour the courageous Light Brigade. The Charge of the Light Brigade really sits on the fence; it is most certainly a poem of glory and heroism however, it also asks important questions. It accepts the fact that not every soldier can be involved in the making of decisions and so unflinching obedience can be expected. However, they must atleast have confidence that those order are rational. There is no room for blunders. The valour with which the Light Brigade fought has led to nothing. Ode, Written in the Beginning of the Year 1746 is a rather abstract poem. The poem writes about dead soldiers, however there are no wounds. They physical realities of death in battle are disguised by abstractions. The euphemism of death in the first line describes it as sleep again a very vague and abstract sense of death. The word sleep also brings a sense of peace and one instantly assumes the person is now at peace. The corpses are transformed into the brave. The second line gives us the impression that all their country blessed them before they died. Personification plays a large role in this poem; Honour and Freedom are given capital letters and personified as a pilgrim and as a hermit respectively. Collins adds Spring and Fancy as people saying that she shall decorate a better mound of earth than has ever been trod upon. Fairies make an appearance too, ringing their funeral knell. This poem romanticises the view of the dead. The language is very frivolous and the thoughts pious and patriotic. This shows a very narrow-minded view of war and shows that the poet has very little idea of the physical realities of war, the horror, the pain and the suffering. This poem is very hymn like in its structure. The language is very varied and descriptive in an abstract manner, and warrants closer examination. The use of imagery is quite superb: There Honour comes, a pilgrim grey, To bless the turf that wraps their clay, The spring fingers the corpses, sprinkling them with dew. This idea clearly contrasts strongly with a darker view of corpses such as shown in The Hyaenas, discussed later. The next poem, On the Idle Hill, is my personal favourite poem out of the collection. The stark contrast Houseman creates between the calm, peaceful, tranquillity of sitting upon a hill in the country and the vision of soldiers marching off to war and inevitably some to death is very thought provoking. There are other strong contrasts too, the men are, Dear to friends and food for powder. The gunpowder is personified, its unquenchable appetite implied. The image of young, fit men is contrasted with graphic images of their corpses. The men have been violently treated and stripped of identity: Bleach the bones of comrades slain, Lovely lads and dead and rotten; None that go return again. These images are fixed in the speakers and the readers mind, and therefore there is an expectation that the speaker in the poem will resist becoming a solider himself at all costs. However, the final stanza shows a new skin becoming darker and more unexpected. The bugles, drums, and fifes seem to be calling to him. The last line is of the utmost importance: Woman bore me, I will rise. He is human, similar to Macduff in Shakespeares Macbeth he is born of a woman, so he will rise from his idle hill to join the files of scarlet. The speaker acknowledges the grim reality of war, but he is unable to resist its call. He fulfils his basic human instinct of fighting for the survival of his fellow man. There is no way to opt out. The idea of comradeship is very important in this poem. This poem talks about the irresistibility of war. The last poem to be discussed is possibly the most important to be discussed. The Hyaenas talks about how humans are worse than animals. The hyenas use the dead men only for meat, To take account of our dead. They are interested in the dear corpses of the soldiers only as food, How he died and why he died Troubles them not a whit. They pull them out of their shallow graves on the battlefield and eat them. This is horrible to imagine however, they are doing only what comes naturally to them, their basic instinct is to survive. Kipling continues on to state how hyenas are better than humans are once again: They are only resolute they shall eat, That they and their mates may thrive. Hyenas are soulless and, therefore, innocent of any malice. They are only scavengers: they did not kill the men in the first place. This surely makes them better than humans. In the first stanza the kites are described as baffled. It seams illogical that the humans should kill each other like this, and for what purpose. The hyenas are described as wise, since it is easier to dig up fresh meat that trying to kill prey for themselves. The reader gets the impression that the hyenas are much wiser than the foolish humans who have done such dreadful things to each other. They eat to survive, not in excess, and not out of gluttony. The dead soldiers a poor dead soldier of the king with pitiful face are past suffering now. They are not affected by the hyenas feeding. What the hyenas do is very private, But it is not discovered to living men. There are no human beings around to see. Only God sees this along with the soulless and therefore, innocent hyenas. The language used by Kipling is very thought provoking. In particular the final two lines. Through out the poem the poet has criticised mankind for the behaviour to each other. He says that the hyenas do not disrepect the dead mens name, this is upto the humans: Nor do they defile the dead mans name That is reserved for his kind. There is neither honour nor glory in this poem, merely pity, sadness and anger at the cruelty that mankind can be so shameless. The poets discussed are not merely individual poems they make up the collection of pre 1914 war poetry. There are many trends that can be seen in the collection, the simpleton might say that its a matter of glory and pointlessness. However, this is not the case. Yes there are poems which are like this but the majority are not clear cut. Some fit into the category of war being death and mutilation. Others fit into war being a route to glory and others being war brings dishonour to those who wage it. The irresistibly of war is also stated and the fact that war brings suffering non-combatants too. The majority of the collection fits into many of these categories and many more. I have discovered a variety of responses in this collections many of them are difficult to categorise. The poems that describe war as a waste of young lives and as a source of death and mutilation are: Drummer Hodge, Come up From the Fields Father, The Charge of the Light Brigade, The Drums and A Christmas Ghost story. However, other poems refer to war being a route to glory: To Lucasta, Going to Wars, The Charge of the Light Brigade and Ode, Written in the Beginning Of The Year 1746. Many people would say that war is necessary; one must fight for what they want; however, I disagree. I personally take Kiplings point of view on war, war is useless and all those who wage it are dishonourable. However, I also agree that soldiers are merely pawns doing a job. Surely, it is not their fault if their commanders choose to wage wars, there is not always a correct and responsible way to resolve problems and inevitably problems will occur. In summate it would be a different essay if I wished to talk about my own view point on war, however, it must be mentioned to show the impact of war. My own view point is that war is not necessary all the time, however, sometimes it is needed. Referring to the quote included at the beginning of my essay. Poets must write about war, all write from their own perspective, the poem would be negligible if it did not show the poets thoughts. However, if I had to write a poem on war it would not be about glory or honour, nor would it be about shame and death. My poem would be about truth and hope.

Management Practices ETC Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Practices ETC - Term Paper Example ETC Group fundamentally deals with the issues related to agriculture (ETC Group, n.d). They especially measure the international affairs pertaining to the field of agriculture which includes maintenance of agricultural biodiversity and securities along with developed and modern technological impact on agriculture. ETC group is a non-profitable organization and it majorly sustains on the donated funds. They generally focus on the process of developing a greener environment. The working procedure of ETC Group signifies that it works as a research team in order to collect particular information on a specific region for protecting the environment (Brodhead, 2001). From the performance and progress made by the ETC Group it is assumed that they manage their operational process systematically in order to conduct their research and education to collect proper and sufficient information with regard to a particular environment. With reference to the context, it can be stated that ETC Group mak es certain of the persuasion of the management practices throughout its operations. ETC Group has considered the processes of planning, leading, organizing, staffing and controlling which are considered to be few of the fundamental rudiments of management practices. Management practice can be defined as the process of managing the specified process systematically. Planning can be defined as the process of considering certain measures for framing a structure in accordance with the operational process.... From the performance and progress made by the ETC Group it is assumed that they manage their operational process systematically in order to conduct their research and education to collect proper and sufficient information with regard to a particular environment. With reference to the context, it can be stated that ETC Group makes certain of the persuasion of the management practices throughout its operations. ETC Group has considered the processes of planning, leading, organizing, staffing and controlling which are considered to be few of the fundamental rudiments of management practices. Management practice can be defined as the process of managing the specified process systematically. Planning Planning can be defined as the process of considering certain measures for framing a structure in accordance with the operational process which requires to be pursued. The facet of planning has been known to entail certain forms with the assistance of which the functions of an organization ar e executed. The types of planning are corporate planning which is referred as a process in which the organization thinks of the long term organizational or future goals along with formulating strategies to attain the intended organizational objectives. Functional planning can be defined as the procedure in which the higher officials of the organization focuses upon the chief internal functions as well as deciding on the organizational structure which is believed to help the organization to perform its operations systematically. Strategic planning is described as the measure which is designed with the aim of facilitating the growth in relation to the organization along with it future development. Operational planning generally involves

The Gender Classifications in Contemporary Social Ideology Assignment

The Gender Classifications in Contemporary Social Ideology - Assignment Example It centers on a biological disparity of surface objectification and splendor, taking people into the two-way terrain of identity individuals, and dictates power relations (Jhally 2009, 3). The film concentrates mainly on the fundamental importance of gender, power, and the people’s discernment of what it means to be a male or a female (Jhally 2009, 3). Question 2: Using the word ‘man’ to refer to male and female The term man is derived from the older version of English; its structure had a default meaning ‘the mature male’. The logical thinker uses it to refer to both male and female (Beauvoir 1977, 13). This supposedly portrays chauvinism despite its unique understanding. The logical thinking of why both male and female are referred to as Man follows that; the word men stands for thinking. This means that man is a thinker– male and female are thinkers. This terms them both like men. The general meaning of man has gone down but still endured in different ways like mankind, human and is now mostly seen as ancient, with the word used almost entirely to refer to mature male (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Question 3: Connection between sexes (physiological categories of male and female) Simone De Beauvoir’s recognition holds in her revolutionary magnum opus, The Second Sex. The book still counts as an opening text in philosophy, feminism, plus women’s studies. The book suggests that females have been put in an oppressive relation with the male species. It terms female as the man’s other (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Beauvoir’s discovery in her investigation into woman’s condition states that; they consistently will be referred to as the other by a man who assumes the position of the person. She explains women to be the absolute opposite of what they thought men to be. This means; she stands as secondary, inessential, unlike the man who they thought to be essential. The connection lays in the belief that being a male means being the subject, and when one is a female, she is referred to as ‘the other’ (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Question 4: Classes and race A recent observation proved women to be placed in island settings. It associates itself with harmonious nature; women have often been put in ads soaking up the rays and warmth of the sun. They do this in an obedient position: lying on the beach (Williamson 1978, 385). Williamson wished to prove that like islands, men ruled over women and oppressed them for toil and resources. She termed women as vacation sites. Men, on the other hand, have in the past been more often related to mountains. Unlike the beach, the mountains portray physical strength. Nature assumed on cliffs and rock arrangement appears tough and uncompromising. Climbing mountain proves females also to be physically and mentally tough, able to negotiate risk, and be successful. The female executive dynamically looks for risks since it tackles ideas of challenging the women to rise up (Williamson 1978, 385). Question 5: Becoming a female Beauvoir's ample work brought up interesting issues in many individuals; what concerns people most in the context rotates around her view of the speculation of subjectivity and identity. People remember her for her well-known declaration, that one is not born but rather becomes a woman.

Peace Corps Services Essay Example for Free

Peace Corps Services Essay Fulfillment in life is best attained when one contributed to meeting others’ needs, create time to understand their challenges and take decisive actions towards alleviating their sufferings. One can not also rule out the indispensability of peace if achieving this goal. Indeed, Peace Corps service presents major physical, emotional and intellectual challenges aimed at contributing to community development and invariably the stability of a nation. This stands as a major ideal of the Peace Corps Volunteers and I am keenly interested in such. More than interest, I am passionate about it. The ideals of the Peace Corps Volunteers are noble and they make a complete man; by this, I mean they contribute tremendously to the corporate citizenship status of an individual. In this vein, the individual sows seeds of good tidings to less opportune lives. A good corporate citizen engages in programs and activities based on the principle of individual impact on society aside continuous government plans. This is a major reason why I want to serve as a volunteer; the team is a credible platform to affect lives positively. Besides, I believe in that disputes and unrest can be avoided by effective communication and sheer understanding. This evidently requires tact and skills. Being a volunteer, I would have the privilege of engaging actively in activities that promote peace and harmony; this would sharpen my own communication skills and make me a better emotional intelligent individual. I see it as an avenue through which I can explore communication skills and improve on them, for the good of the colony. It also creates a large forum for me to learn others cultures, expands my schema and I can begin to appreciate life from a larger perspective. As a health care provider, serving as a volunteer is an excellent extension of my duties to the rest of opportunity outside the hospital walls. I have served in a number of religious and social volunteer work and these experiences have left an indelible mark on my heart. I can not stop but I must keep the flag on with the Peace Corps Volunteers as its ideals are compatible with my life’s goals.

Understanding the Exchange Market Rate - Pound to US Dollar (GBP/USD) E

The fluctuation or well known as the exchange market is the rate at which one currency will be exchange for another. It also regarded as the value of one country’s currency in the terms of another currency. The fluctuation was determined in the foreign exchange market (Wikipedia, 2014). The fluctuation rate is not permanent sometime in one day the fluctuation rate can change from high to low and from low to high. Hard currency is any global traded currency that is expected to serve as a reliable and stable store of value. The factor contributing to a currency hard status might include the long term stability of its purchasing power, the associated country’s political and fiscal condition and outlook and policy posture of the issuing central bank (Wikipedia, 2014). The two currency that can be taken as the hard currency was the United States Dollar and also the Great Britain Pound. These two currency is very popular and also important in the way to contribute to the exchange rate in foreign exchange market The United States Dollar (USD) or its sign was ($) is referred to as the U.S Dollar, and also as the American Dollar. It is the official currency to the Unites States and its overseas territories. The currency of United States Dollar was divided into 100 smaller units called cents (Wikipedia, 2014). The United States Dollar is often used in the traded process because of its high value. There were five major reason of why the U.S Dollar is so widely used in the traded. The reason is as below: †¢ It’s an investment currency in many capital markets †¢ It’s a reserve currency held by many central banks †¢ It’s a common transaction currency in many International commodity market †¢ It’s an invoice currency in many contracts †¢... ...ttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling [ 3 April 2014 ] 10. Wikipedia ( 2014 ) Fluctuation from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation [ 2 April 2014 ] 11. Wikipedia ( 2014 ) Exchange Rate from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_rate [ 2 April 2014 ] 12. Wikipedia ( 2014 ) Interest Rate from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest_rate [ 3 April 2014 ] 13. Wikipedia ( 2014 ) Speculator from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculation [ 2 April 2014] 14. Wikipedia ( 2014 ) Government Debts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_debt from [ 5 April 2014 ] 15. Wikipedia ( 2014 ) Economic Interventionism from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_interventionism [ 2 April 2014 ] 16. Wikipedia ( 2014 ) Economic Growth from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growth [ 6 April 2014 ]

Coca-Cola in Brazil

1920s and 30s International expansion The Company began a major push to establish bottling operations outside the U. S. Plants were opened in France, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Belgium, Italy, Peru, Spain, Australia and South Africa. On May 8, 1886, a pharmacist named Dr. John Pemberton carried a jug of Coca-Cola ® syrup to Jacobs’ Pharmacy in downtown Atlanta, where it was mixed with carbonated water and sold for five cents a glass. In 1942 Coca-Cola entered the Brazilian market. ? Brazil is Coca Cola’s third largest operation and second largest international market. ? Low average consumption (144 bottles/p/y) USA (462 bottles/p/y) ? Mexico (402 bottles/p/y) ? low profitability market ? 20th position ? ? ? ? ? ? From 1986 to 2003 nonalcoholic drink consumption AVG yearly growth of 13. 92%. ? Per Capita Consumption of Soft Drink in Brazil has increased by average rate of 17. 37% per year. Highly competitive market : ? AmBev: main competitor with 17% market share. It partnered with Pepsi increasing sales profitability. ? Other competitors have an average market share of 33,5% (within these, there are illegal manufacturers operating without permissions and without paying taxes). More than 3500 brands of soft drink in Brazil.More than 700 plants in 2004. Difficulty to reach rural communities. POS consumption. ? ? ? ? ? Cola was the Brazilian favorite flavor (41. 8%) followed by Guarana (23. 9%) and Orange (11. 4%). Soft drinks were sold in variety of containers made of glass, PET and aluminum, having capacities that varied from 200 ml to 2. 5 liters. The most favourite packaging is the disposable bottle from 2 to 2,5 litres with a total percentage average consumption of 72. 88*. Average sales growth rate in brazil between 1986-2003 in parcentage: 5,74 Consumers cares about price, flavor and quality, without being influeced by brand name.Poor distribution channels. ? Only 25% of soda sales are through supermarkets. ? Scarcity of vending machines. A- B: C: D-E: ?Most sophisticated class. ?They have the highest levels of income and education ? Typical worker ?Lack purchasing power ? Low/middle class ?Struggle to afford basic ? Compromise 12,6 million goods & services households ? 28% of total national consumption ? ? ? ? ? ? Worldwide top known brand. Distribution network (9000 vehicles). High quality products. Wide product mix. Large market share. Large scale of operations. ? Poor distribution network in rural areas Investment reduction in media and advertising in 67% of product categories ?The price of Coca-Cola is higher than that of competitors ? Price cutting strategy has effect only on market share and not on profitability ? Develop a more accurate distribution network in rural areas. ? Expanding product range (Guarana). ? Partnership/acquisition with local brands. ? Sponsoring more social events (Rio 2016) and contribute to social development. ? Coming up with more efficient promotion. ? Leveraging class C. ? Consumer b ehavior: strong price consciusness and low level of loyalty ? Intense competition. B brands competiting illegally (no legal existence thus not paying taxes) ? High threat of new entrants (ex. RC Cola) ? High elasticity of demand ’ ? Expanding the output of the company’s product (Guarana Kuat) planting 200ha of Guarana: Pros: they secured the 11% Guarana market in Brazil. Pros: they allowed to reach a cost benefit controlling the supply and quality of raw materials. ? Venture into Tubainas territory: Pros: acquisition and blocking of new competitors. Cons: acquiring a competitor does not signify securing from its future actions. ? Price cutting from $0,65 to 0,45 ? -30%:Cons: negative effect on profitability. ? Buying back franchise operations: Pros: market share back from 48% to 50%. Cons: negative effect on profitability. ’ ? Partnership with Norsa: Pros: market share from 42% in 2002 to 44,5% in 2003 and increasing operational profits by 40%, thus implies Toba inas’s market share dropping by 4%. ? Sponsoring national events (mostly Rio de Janeiro Carnival): Pros: dissemination of brand awareness. ? Renovation of the company’s plants: Pros: more effective and efficient operations. ?introducing returnable glass bottle: Pros: reducing cost of packaging. Strenghten its position in the south-east of Brazil widening its distribution network. ? Keep going on strategic partnerships with local competitors. ? Extend the existing product range and effectively advertise and market it. ? Use different types of packaging to arrive to customers thus increasing their demand ? introduce limited edition bottles maitaining the same price. ? Make the company organization and asset structure more flexible in order to better respond to an high competitive and fast changing environment. ? Increase promotional activities in order to fight price competition and improve the peirceived quality for the products.Achieve operational efficiency through ec onomies of scale. ? Exacerbate legal actions against B brands. ? Acquire or build Joint Ventures with Brazilian companies for exploiting their local knowledge. ? To be more involved in the local distribution, concentrating on the positioning of the products in the shelves. ? To better understand the customers needs and to adapt to local tastes. ? Make the customers understand that they are paying a premium price for a higher quality of products, and not because of the high promotion and advertising expenses.

A Common Social Theme Of History - 1386 Words

A common social theme of history is the constant battle of equal rights for both men and women. Ever since the development of the first agricultural societies during the BC times, people have been living in a society where paternalism and patriarchy dominated; men are always at the top of the social hierarchy. Men were always the leaders, the priests, the ones who decide what was right and what was wrong. Women have battled for equality with their male counterparts ever since then. They have fought for their right to vote. They have fought for their right to speak at religious liturgies. They have fought for their right to equal job and educational opportunities. Social equality between men and women will always be a never-ending†¦show more content†¦Yet, many have discovered that women can perform just as well as men. After serving in battle and demonstrating noteworthy acts of bravery and performance under enemy fire, women have been earning Combat Action Badges. Tw o women—Sergeant Leigh Ann Hester and Specialist Monica Lin Brown—have received Silver Stars, one of the highest military decorations a person can receive (Mackenzie). These women have been doing extraordinary work in the field, explaining why they received such a high symbol of military respect. Their â€Å"lack of strength† does not inhibit their mentality and physicality to do whatever they need to do to protect their country. Also, females who do enlist are generally more fit than the average woman (Mackenzie). This is a common fallacy in the argument of those who say women are not as fit as men and therefore are not as capable: they base their assumptions on the ability of the average women while remaining oblivious to the ability of those who actually enlist. Militaries across the world have found that with proper training, women can complete the same tasks as men that require strength that many seem to say women lack (Mackenzie). During the Gulf Wa r, about 400,000 female soldiers fought and did not fail because of a lack of upper body strength (Quindlen). Rather, 33,000 of those females directed artillery, flew planes, and served in construction squadsShow MoreRelatedNat Books Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesComplete list of NCERT books for IAS NCERT course readings are a decent source and prologue to themes in IAS prelims. Little ponder at that point, many instructing classes and hopefuls prescribe NCERT reading material to new applicants who are recently beginning their planning. Be that as it may, the inquiry I get regularly is would it be advisable for you to allude All NCERT course books and for All subjects? The response to both is No. You need to peruse some NCERT reading material for a few subjectsRead MoreA Study Of Latin American History1308 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Methodologies and trends Caribbean Many often consider the study of Latin American history or subjects like race to show that Much of Latin American historical studies are comparative. Many of the Latin American countries have their own history but share similar cultural conductions concerning race. The history of race relations in Latin America has become a central theme in a fair amount of scholarly activities. This in turn has made the historiography of Latin America to become much more relevantRead MoreJohn Ford’s acclaimed film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) is well-known among cinema buffs800 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it sheds light on the theme of the film, which is that of the American identity. What Ford articulates in the film is a vision of the American character that is rooted in the heritage of the Old West and in the doctrines of freedom and liberty that underlie the founding of America as a nation. In many ways, the film traces a cynical evolution from the earliest days of the fron tier, symbolizing self-reliance and individuality, and the modern era of media and social conformity. The reason thatRead MoreGreek Mythology Of Ancient Greece1551 Words   |  7 Pagesthese myths, one may notice gender and sexual behavior to be themes that occur quite frequently. One also cannot help but notice that some social conditions in Ancient Greece, such as the importance of beauty, the treatment of women, and beast-like sexual behavior, revolved around sex and gender. It is because of the use of gender and sexual behavior in highly influential Greek myths that we see the development of some Ancient Grecian social conditions. Greeks myths were influential on Greek societyRead MoreThe Song Glory, By Music Artists Common And John Legend1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe song Glory was written by music artists Common and John Legend and was part of the Oscar nominated movie Selma. 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This first hint of Austen’s narration style is shown in chapter one and reappears Read MoreCulture Is A Way Of Life1033 Words   |  5 Pagesculture, a common definition is that culture is a way of life. The way of life, however, holds a very general and unspecific meaning, and thus it is only an accurate description to encompass the basic idea of culture in a worldwide sense. A culture is made up of the people within it, and their interactions with each other and the society around them. It is these interactions that resulted in ideas such as art, history, tradition, and science, along with a range of others. The study of the history of cultureRead MoreRacial, Ethnic And Economic Isolation Through Curriculum Based Programming Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe most common effort to reduce racial, ethnic and economic isolation through curriculum-based programming involved efforts to promote tolerance and respect. Twenty-nine hyper-segregated elementary schools described character devel opment programming designed to eliminate bullying and mean behavior. The following excerpt from the narrative provided by Farmingville Elementary School in Ridgefield, Connecticut is a representative sample of this type of programming: Farmingville students participateRead MoreThe Language Of Imagery In George DrowBy George Doctorow794 Words   |  4 Pageswhich is popular in journalism, however, seems to contradict his style of writing which uses both history and fiction which is ironical. Repetition is also a common element in the novel to give an allure of the recurring element of history. The author also uses a vivid description of the characters in the novel allowing us into the struggles of each of them. Climax, conflict and denouement are also common styles in the novel. The characters seem to disagree on the proper cause of action following theRead MoreThe Shanghai Girl ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ Is The Chinese American Writer1401 Words   |  6 Pages《Shanghai Girls》 is the Chinese-American writer, Lisa See published in 2009. In this novel, the theme of the novel is often interpreted as describing her emotions. About her life in China and the United States, with plenty of space describes the life of Chinese immigrants and her mentality, and appearing the homesick theme of the novel. This article focus on China s Shanghai, Angel Island in United States and Los Angeles, those three places for basic point. And show the protagonist pearl and May